%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Maite Martínez-Eixarch, Carles Alcaraz, Marc Viñas, Joan Noguerol, Xavier Aranda, Francesc Xavier Prenafeta-Boldú, Jesús Antonio Saldaña-De la Vega, Maria del Mar Català, Carles Ibáñez
Neglecting the fallow season can significantly underestimate annual methane emissions in Mediterranean rice fields
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 13 0 R/Contents 14 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
13 0 obj
[15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R]
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref001)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref002)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref002)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref003)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref004)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref005)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref006)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref007)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref008)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref009)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref010)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref011)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref007)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref012)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref013)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref014)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref015)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref016)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref017)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref018)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref019)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref020)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref021)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref021)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref023)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.ref024)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 42 0 R>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
[43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R]
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
369.5811 674.9858 m
374.3433 674.9858 l
h
f*
556.611 662.0031 m
561.3732 662.0031 l
h
f*
328.989 532.0063 m
333.7512 532.0063 l
h
f*
404.1638 493.0016 m
408.926 493.0016 l
h
f*
411.1937 493.0016 m
415.9559 493.0016 l
h
f*
253.3039 480.0189 m
258.0094 480.0189 l
h
f*
260.2772 480.0189 m
265.0394 480.0189 l
h
f*
454.0535 480.0189 m
458.8157 480.0189 l
h
f*
461.0835 480.0189 m
465.8457 480.0189 l
h
f*
241.9654 466.9795 m
246.6709 466.9795 l
h
f*
248.9386 466.9795 m
258.463 466.9795 l
h
f*
477.8646 466.9795 m
487.389 466.9795 l
h
f*
509.0457 453.9969 m
513.8079 453.9969 l
h
f*
442.6583 414.9921 m
452.1827 414.9921 l
h
f*
300.926 375.9874 m
310.4504 375.9874 l
h
f*
400.4787 375.9874 m
409.9465 375.9874 l
h
f*
469.7008 375.9874 m
479.2252 375.9874 l
h
f*
532.6866 375.9874 m
542.211 375.9874 l
h
f*
298.4882 363.0047 m
308.0126 363.0047 l
h
f*
310.2803 363.0047 m
319.748 363.0047 l
h
f*
342.7087 350.022 m
352.2331 350.022 l
h
f*
506.2677 350.022 m
515.7921 350.022 l
h
f*
341.5181 324 m
351.0425 324 l
h
f*
487.6724 272.0126 m
497.1402 272.0126 l
h
f*
502.3559 272.0126 m
511.8236 272.0126 l
h
f*
244.7433 233.0079 m
254.2677 233.0079 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 706.0535 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 689.1023 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Rice)Tj
1.9558 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(half)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(world)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(population,)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(particularly)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(developing)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(countries)Tj
-33.6867 -1.3039 Td
(subjected)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(intense)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(demographic)Tj
5.4991 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(Methane)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(\(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 437.4425 674.4188 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 441.0141 676.0629 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(\))Tj
0.5499 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(wetland)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(cul-)Tj
-36.0451 -1.2982 Td
(tivation)Tj
3.2939 0 Td
(contributes)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(9%)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(anthropogenic)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(greenhouse-effect)Tj
7.2906 0 Td
(gas)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-35.3194 -1.2983 Td
(Hence,)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(meet)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(global)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(demand)Tj
3.4979 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(reducing)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(methane)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(emissions,)Tj
-32.7115 -1.3039 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(urgent)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(find)Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(mitigation)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(strategies)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(minimize)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(impact)Tj
2.9819 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(cultivation)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(climate)Tj
-33.6867 -1.2983 Td
(change.)Tj
1.1963 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(determination)Tj
5.9527 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(effective)Tj
3.5093 0 Td
(mitigation)Tj
4.3936 0 Td
(options)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(wetland)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(cultivation)Tj
4.4958 0 Td
(must)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(based)Tj
-35.07 -1.3039 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(deep)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0661 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(processes)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 426.7842 596.4094 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 432.5669 598.0535 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(production)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(dynamics:)Tj
-33.4768 -1.2982 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(underlying)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(rhizosphere)Tj
4.9266 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(plant)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(physiology)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(aspects)Tj
3.0386 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(relevant)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1115 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.325 -1.2983 Td
(agronomic)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(affect)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(temporal)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(pattern)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(emissions.)Tj
4.3652 0 Td
(Improving)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
-36.1414 -1.2982 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 214.2992 557.4047 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 220.0818 559.1055 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(budget)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(fundamental)Tj
5.3177 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(manage)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(realistic)Tj
3.3109 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(effective)Tj
3.5093 0 Td
(strategies)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(mitigate)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(climate)Tj
-32.5018 -1.3039 Td
(change.)Tj
3.2654 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(purpose,)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(intense)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(monitoring)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 435.9118 544.422 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 441.6377 546.0661 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(local)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(scale)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(needed)Tj
-33.9247 -1.2982 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(accurate)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(inventories)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-11.3612 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(temperate)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Mediterranean)Tj
6.1852 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7063 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(highly)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(vari-)Tj
-35.5915 -1.3039 Td
(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(inherent)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(spatial)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(heterogeneity:)Tj
5.8734 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(USA,)Tj
2.3413 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(16.5)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.8766 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
0.788 0 Td
(11.4)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(C-CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 551.3385 505.4173 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 557.0645 507.0614 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(ha)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 566.7023 511.5401 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 494.0787 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Arkansas)Tj
3.9117 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(337.64)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(C-CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 324.2267 492.4346 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 329.9527 494.0787 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(ha)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 339.5905 498.5007 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 347.9811 494.0787 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(California)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(Italy,)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(6.3)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 518.5133 492.4346 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 524.2393 494.0787 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(ha)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 533.8771 498.5007 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 542.2677 494.0787 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(537.6)Tj
-35.2513 -1.2982 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 226.148 479.3952 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 231.874 481.096 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(ha)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 241.5118 485.5181 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 249.9023 481.096 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Portugal)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Spain,)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(ca.)Tj
1.2983 0 Td
(95)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(C-CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 424.7433 479.3952 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 430.4692 481.096 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(ha)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 440.107 485.5181 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-)Tj
0.6425 0 Td
(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 450.6519 481.096 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
2.3073 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Japan,)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(121.4)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(kg)Tj
-35.6652 -1.3039 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(431)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(Spain)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(European)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(leading)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(producer)Tj
3.889 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(inventory)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.7637 -1.2982 Td
(rice-CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 232.6677 453.4299 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 238.4503 455.074 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(single)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(site)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(Southern)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(Spain)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(\(Sevilla\))Tj
3.447 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(may)Tj
-34.3272 -1.2982 Td
(compromise)Tj
5.2383 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(representativeness)Tj
7.5288 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(estimations.)Tj
-16.3104 -1.2983 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 226.3181 427.4078 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 232.044 429.1086 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8528 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(complex)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1115 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(agro-)Tj
-34.7808 -1.3039 Td
(nomic)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(plants,)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(atmosphere)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(thus,)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(multidimensional)Tj
-28.8167 -1.2982 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(needed)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(correlate)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(dynamics)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 391.4078 401.4425 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 397.1905 403.0866 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1114 0 Td
(factors.)Tj
-30.4948 -1.2982 Td
(Several)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6624 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2801 0 Td
(drivers)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(regulating)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 489.8834 388.4031 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 495.6094 390.1039 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions,)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
-35.9826 -1.3039 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(air)Tj
1.2926 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(redox)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(fertilization)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.432 0 Td
(level)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.7807 -1.2982 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(straw)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2848 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(conflicting)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(results.)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(instance,)Tj
3.7473 0 Td
(N)Tj
0.9581 0 Td
(fertilization)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(has)Tj
-35.7615 -1.2983 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(promoter)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(inhibitor)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 459.4393 349.3984 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 465.1653 351.0992 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.77 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Additionally,)Tj
-32.3601 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(particular)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(factor)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(temperature\))Tj
5.4709 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(modulated)Tj
4.5353 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(biotic)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(abiotic)Tj
-33.9474 -1.2982 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(layer)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(depth\))Tj
2.8573 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-12.614 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(characterization)Tj
6.6613 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(temporal)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(pattern)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 415.2188 310.3937 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 421.0015 312.0944 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.5893 -1.3039 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(timing)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(peaks)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(and,)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(consequently)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(improve)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0661 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 569.3102 297.411 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 286.0724 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(dynamics)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(efficacy)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(mitigation)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(strategies.)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(Furthermore,)Tj
5.6069 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9764 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(focused)Tj
-34.5371 -1.2982 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(season,)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(fallow)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(season)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(scarce)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(stud-)Tj
-35.4101 -1.2983 Td
(ies,)Tj
1.4966 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(contribution)Tj
5.2894 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fallow)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 378.2551 258.4062 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 384.0377 260.107 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(reached)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(up)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(50%,)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(demon-)Tj
-32.6208 -1.3039 Td
(strates)Tj
2.7666 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(need)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(year-round)Tj
4.7339 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 339.3637 245.4236 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 345.0897 247.0677 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.032 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(properly)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(estimate)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(annual)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 546.0094 245.4236 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 234.085 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-2.9366 -1.2982 Td
(Most)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(previous)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(major)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(drivers)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 424.97 219.4015 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 430.696 221.1023 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(focused)Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(uni-)Tj
-35.4215 -1.3039 Td
(factorial)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(\(one-to-one\))Tj
5.3632 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
3.4865 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(factors.)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(Hence,)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(multifactorial)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
-32.3601 -1.2982 Td
(among)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(parameters)Tj
4.6715 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(largely)Tj
2.863 0 Td
(disregarded.)Tj
5.1477 0 Td
(Furthermore,)Tj
5.6124 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(studies)Tj
-33.4429 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1204 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4276 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(single)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(field,)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(inherent)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(variability)Tj
4.2178 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(particu-)Tj
-33.9134 -1.3039 Td
(lar)Tj
1.27 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(neglected.)Tj
-8.8894 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(objectives)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(assess)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cumulative)Tj
4.643 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 470.3244 154.4314 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 476.0503 156.0755 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(fields)Tj
-34.4804 -1.2982 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Mediterranean,)Tj
6.4119 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(Delta,)Tj
2.5794 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(first)Tj
-35.3931 -1.3039 Td
(insight)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(dynamics)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 327.685 128.4094 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 333.411 130.0535 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(fallow)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(seasons.)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(Special)Tj
-34.3102 -1.2982 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.381 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(temporal)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(variation)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(controlling)Tj
-31.6627 -1.2983 Td
(factors.)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(purpose,)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(commercial)Tj
4.9548 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(spread)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(Delta,)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(covering)Tj
-32.3827 -1.2982 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(agricultural,)Tj
5.0569 0 Td
(geographical)Tj
5.3007 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1114 0 Td
(variability,)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3506 0 Td
(and)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 344.4094 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Tempora)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4323 0 Td
(pattern)Tj
3.2812 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(methane)Tj
4.0465 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.5851 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9779 0 Td
(Mediterranea)Tj
5.7898 0 Td
(n)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.8 0 Td
(fields)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01980)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(81)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(May)Tj
2.0906 0 Td
(31,)Tj
1.5803 0 Td
(2018)Tj
35.2349 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(23)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-66.402 84.0904 Td
(The)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(support)Tj
3.0968 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9497 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(CERCA)Tj
2.863 0 Td
(Programm)Tj
4.011 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.6449 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.4748 0 Td
(Generalita)Tj
3.6922 0 Td
(t)Tj
-18.6875 -1.3748 Td
(de)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(Catalunya)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8362 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(acknowledge)Tj
4.8331 0 Td
(d.)Tj
0.9213 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(funders)Tj
-14.8465 -1.3749 Td
(had)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.8859 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.2606 0 Td
(design,)Tj
2.9055 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.793 0 Td
(collecti)Tj
2.5653 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(and)Tj
-15.952 -1.3748 Td
(analysis,)Tj
3.4086 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.2953 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9497 0 Td
(publish,)Tj
3.1393 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0064 0 Td
(prepara)Tj
2.8205 0 Td
(tion)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(the)Tj
-17.1851 -1.3748 Td
(manuscript.)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
0 -2.126 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(have)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(declared)Tj
-14.7827 -1.3748 Td
(that)Tj
1.6228 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(competing)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(interests)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
BT
10.3394 75.0903 Td
(exist.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 71 0 R/Contents 72 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
71 0 obj
[73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R]
endobj
73 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.g001)>>
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.s002)>>
endobj
75 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0198081.s002)>>
endobj
76 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 77 0 R>>
endobj
77 0 obj
<>
endobj
72 0 obj
[78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R]
endobj
78 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
467.6031 224.9008 m
487.1622 224.9008 l
h
f*
544.8189 211.9181 m
554.3433 211.9181 l
h
f*
200.0126 198.9354 m
217.9843 198.9354 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(monthly)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(monitored)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 309.3165 705.7133 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 315.0425 707.4141 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions,)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(agronomic)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(practices,)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(physicochemical)Tj
6.8428 0 Td
(traits)Tj
-34.5654 -1.3039 Td
(during)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6406 0 Td
(whole)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(cycle)Tj
2.1827 0 Td
(period.)Tj
3.0556 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(present)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(comprises)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.7971 0 Td
(comprehensive)Tj
6.2815 0 Td
(mea-)Tj
-35.5688 -1.2982 Td
(surement)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(program)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(methane)Tj
3.6962 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(Delta)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(expected)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(improve)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.4066 -1.2983 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0661 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(dynamics)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 350.5322 666.7086 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 356.3149 668.4094 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(cultivated)Tj
4.1215 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(Mediterranean)Tj
-31.2205 -1.2982 Td
(conditions.)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(will)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(contribute)Tj
4.3935 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(improve)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(national)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.8545 -1.3039 Td
(European)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(inventories,)Tj
4.9152 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5841 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(key)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(mitigation)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 542.0976 640.7433 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 629.4047 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 603.2125 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Material)Tj
3.959 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
-5.948 -1.5023 Td
(Study)Tj
2.6173 0 Td
(area)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 568.1763 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(Delta)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(\(Catalonia,)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
(NE)Tj
1.525 0 Td
(Spain\),)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(extension)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(32.500)Tj
2.8289 0 Td
(ha,)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(third)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(pro-)Tj
-35.6029 -1.2982 Td
(ducing)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(region)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Spain,)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(65%)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(covered)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(\(21.125)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(ha\).)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(activity)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.0621 -1.2983 Td
(crucial)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(economic)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(sustainability)Tj
5.4879 0 Td
(economic)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(activity)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8766 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(preserving)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bio-)Tj
-35.9657 -1.3039 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(surrounding)Tj
5.2441 0 Td
(natural)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(wetlands.)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(climate)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(region)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(Mediterranean)Tj
6.1852 0 Td
(with)Tj
-35.6539 -1.2983 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(mean)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(annual)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(precipitation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(500)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(mm,)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(mostly)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(distributed)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(spring)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(autumn.)Tj
-33.5676 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(mean)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(annual)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(air)Tj
1.2869 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(18C)Tj
2.2223 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(mild)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(winters)Tj
3.1747 0 Td
(\(mean)Tj
2.7837 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1306 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(January)Tj
-32.8816 -1.2983 Td
(9C\))Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(hot)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(summers)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(\(mean)Tj
2.7892 0 Td
(temperatures)Tj
5.4879 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(July)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(24C\).)Tj
-19.1677 -1.3039 Td
(Rice)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(Delta)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(grown)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(late)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(April)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(September)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.4796 0 Td
(fallow)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(rest)Tj
-35.6199 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(year.)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(Water)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(season)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(consists)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(permanent)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(flooding)Tj
-32.5075 -1.2982 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(sowing)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(\(late)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(April-early)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(May\))Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(harvest)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(\(September\),)Tj
5.3858 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(water)Tj
-34.7298 -1.304 Td
(layer)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(approx.)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(cm)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(deep.)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(During)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(vegetative)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
5.3348 0 Td
(stages,)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(short)Tj
-33.8851 -1.2982 Td
(periods)Tj
3.1917 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(drainage)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(take)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(place)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(requirement)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(application)Tj
4.6828 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(herbicides.)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(har-)Tj
-35.909 -1.2983 Td
(vest,)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(re-inundated)Tj
5.4651 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(incorporation)Tj
5.7883 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(straw)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(soil,)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(com-)Tj
-35.07 -1.3039 Td
(mon)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(practices)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(residue)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(area.)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(Thereafter)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5284 0 Td
(flooded)Tj
-32.7682 -1.2983 Td
(\(from)Tj
2.5454 0 Td
(October)Tj
3.498 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(December\))Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.4796 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(progressively)Tj
5.4481 0 Td
(drain,)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(farmers')Tj
-30.0754 -1.2982 Td
(preferences.)Tj
1.1962 -1.2983 Td
(From)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.8687 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(dry)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(labour)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(operations)Tj
4.4503 0 Td
(\(harrowing)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.5348 -1.3039 Td
(fertilizer)Tj
3.5886 0 Td
(application\))Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(re-flooded)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(Mid-April,)Tj
4.5695 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(beginning)Tj
4.2633 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(cultivation)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(period.)Tj
-33.9985 -1.2983 Td
(Standard)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(mineral)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(fertilization)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(average)Tj
3.2259 0 Td
(N)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(doses)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(ranging)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(170)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(200)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(kg)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(N)Tj
-35.6256 -1.2982 Td
(ha)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 209.5937 325.644 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 215.7732 321.222 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(.)Tj
0.4478 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(cultivars)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(Gleva)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(JSendra,)Tj
3.5547 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(representa-)Tj
-32.1729 -1.3039 Td
(tive)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(Japonica-type)Tj
5.7259 0 Td
(cultivars)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(Delta)Tj
2.3585 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(grain)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(cycle)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F14 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()7()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
(.)Tj
-36.2038 -1.2982 Td
(120)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(sowing)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(maturity.)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.3766 0 Td
(plant)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(height)Tj
2.7325 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(cultivars)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(0.7)Tj
-35.206 -1.2983 Td
(m.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 256.0251 cm
BT
/F13 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Experimental)Tj
5.863 0 Td
(layout)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 239.0173 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Experiments)Tj
5.2837 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(2015,)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(post-harvest)Tj
5.125 0 Td
(seasons)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(\(May)Tj
-35.0813 -1.3039 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(December\),)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(commercial)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(spread)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(Ebre)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(Delta)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(Authorization)Tj
5.8676 0 Td
(from)Tj
-35.3704 -1.2982 Td
(landowners)Tj
4.8698 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(sampling)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1032 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(start)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(sampling)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(S1)Tj
-34.1402 -1.2983 Td
(Text)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
2.5851 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3506 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(encompassed)Tj
5.5672 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1114 0 Td
(\(soil)Tj
1.9446 0 Td
(properties)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(salinity,)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(prox-)Tj
-35.2514 -1.3039 Td
(imity)Tj
2.3243 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(river,)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(sea)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(lagoons\))Tj
3.6284 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(agronomic)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(\(water)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(management,)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(phytosanitary)Tj
5.6919 0 Td
(appli-)Tj
-34.7978 -1.2983 Td
(cations)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(agronomic)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(performance\))Tj
5.6863 0 Td
(variability)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(area.)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(Periodical)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(monitoring)Tj
4.8245 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(CH)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 553.6629 172.3464 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 161.0078 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(emissions,)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(physicochemical)Tj
6.8485 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(agronomic)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(practices)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(out.)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(sampling)Tj
-33.6356 -1.2982 Td
(size)Tj
1.678 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.2982 0 Td
(considering)Tj
4.9266 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(1\))Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7823 0 Td
(should)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(variables)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(conduct)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(multi-)Tj
-35.087 -1.3039 Td
(variate)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(analysis,)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(2\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(window)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(sampling)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(am)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(am)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(avoid)Tj
-34.5484 -1.2983 Td
(diurnal)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(variations)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(later)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(4\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(practicability)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(sampling,)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(i.e.)Tj
1.3606 0 Td
(manpower)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.0359 -1.2983 Td
(costs.)Tj
1.1962 -1.3039 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(agricultural)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(commercial)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(practices)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.7764 -1.2982 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(described.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 344.4094 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Tempora)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4323 0 Td
(pattern)Tj
3.2812 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(methane)Tj
4.0465 0 Td
(emissions)Tj
4.5851 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9779 0 Td
(Mediterranea)Tj
5.7898 0 Td
(n)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(rice)Tj
1.8 0 Td
(fields)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01980)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(81)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(May)Tj
2.0906 0 Td
(31,)Tj
1.5803 0 Td
(2018)Tj
35.2349 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
80 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
81 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
82 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
83 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(23)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
84 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 86 0 R/Contents 87 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
85 0 obj
<>stream
xxŹrIr܄PB 7! ^
cz7`JhЫf7l*[*[{!WgIV#GwgϷ?-Z8O:餣SYfU8e$ H@$ H@$ H@X2S!?xwe˖{>}7Np{>O:E:蠃
$ H@$ H@$ H@k z
'H9|"kva7|/]N<gwQ*l&fm_-b-A$ H@$ H@$ H`@M*5Y'(;??K#8O>?~V[m
~J@$ H@$ H@$ 4^%%%h@HElA=$ H@$ H@$ H@Ѐ{1cwt?qH 8_
c" H@$ H@$ H@$ ![8'i$?;vo㺟AB _z_]w5\sA$ H@$ H@$ H`m2..즛njժW\GKǍaӢE.]9rȐ!yyy
$ H-a$ H@$ H@?<;pѣGcӫWK/뤠D
6g?l~-[xE H@$PW0H@$ H@$ ԟD@!L4u[lE_ph@mQ8_'xb顬$ H@$ H@$ H@I`<>i{퀢[?cӦMα+ H@$ H@$ H@$ @`/[n%}E
2e$ H@$ H@$ H@w}zpW^y7Mf!XP$ H@$ H@$ H`ТE^{ގY$ H@$ H@$ H@@ D
h
PIZP$ H@$ H@$ d\̛7_TʞKcO$ H@$ H@$ H@@ D; }ՙ% H@$ H@$ H@@В%K|M퀲 H@$ H@$ H@$PQ)ܻᆱT$ H@$ H@$ H@F@
(ۮ$ H@$ H@$ H@'T H@$ H@$ H@P]# H@$ H@$ H@O@
A$ H@$ H@$ d5l"G$ H@$ H@$ ԟPZ$ H@$ H@$ H@6j@vE$ H@$ H@$ H@?53 H@$ H@$ H@$mԀ H@$ H@$ H@$Pj@gh
$ H@$ H@$ H e?$ H@$ H@$ HԀ$ H@$ H@$ H@@Pʶ+b$ H@$ H@$ H@@ ՟5H@$ H@$ H@$ l#mWH@$ H@$ H@$ P?Ck$ H@$ H@$ H@F@
(ۮ$ H@$ H@$ H@'T H@$ H@$ H@P]# H@$ H@$ H@O@
A$ H@$ H@$ d5l"G$ H@$ H@$ ԟPZ$ H@$ H@$ H@6j@vE$ H@$ H@$ H@?53 H@$ H@$ H@$mԀ H@$ H@$ H@$Pj@gh
$ H@$ H@$ H e?$ H@$ H@$ HԀ$ H@$ H@$ H@@Pʶ+b$ H@$ H@$ H@@ ՟5H@$ H@$ H@$ l#mWH@$ H@$ H@$ P?Ck$ H@$ H@$ H@F@
(ۮ$ H@$ H@$ H@'T H@$ H@$ H@P]# H@$ H@$ H@O@
A$ H@$ H@$ d5l"G$ H@$ H@$ ԟPZ$ H@$ H@$ H@6j@vE$ H@9K.X`ѢE}]KS$ H@$ uкp$ H@M ٳʦLdɒ&9F% H@$ H@@ % H|į-$fF$ ZXl̙3KKKNxZ5$ H@$ H@M@\=w}w-\/vڍ7nfm6hprzyq$P7A eC/WOj$ pO-\pyLH@$ H@$ ą8Ԁ"#YH !ϴ%O)C H`(/f;V.\xeHgK e{0-/ H@$ H@hRkq#SjCrP$2u lکd@7eKP4iS͛ҀY+:D | ١J@$ H@$Pq݀UtjCμk@J)="SiU1]X,Y