Morphology and physiology of apple lenticels and their connection to various physiological and pathological issues

Abstract

Lenticel issues in apple include bitter pit, Lenticel Breakdown, Lenticel Blotch Pit, Blister Spot, Sunburn, Green Spot, and moisture-related disorders during storage. Additionally, the cuticle openings serves as an entry point for fungi that may infect and develop in the field or remain latent until the post-harvest period. This article describes the various physiological and pathological lenticel disorders most frequently encountered in apple-growing regions, as well as the factors that contribute to these disorders.