Rift Valley Fever: risk of persistence, spread and impact in Mayotte (France)
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Author
EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW)
Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
Alvarez, Julio
Bicout, Dominique Joseph
Calistri, Paolo
Depner, Klaus
Drewe, Julian Ashley
Garin-Bastuji, Bruno
Gonzales Rojas, José Luis
Gortázar Schmidt, Christian
Michel, Virginie
Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel
Roberts, Helen Clare
Sihvonen, Liisa Helena
Stahl, Karl
Trop, Arvo
Winckler, Christoph
Cetre-Sossah, Catherine
Chevalier, Veronique
de Vos, Clazien
Gubbins, Simon
Antoniou, Sotiria-Eleni
Broglia, Alessandro
Dhollander, Sofie
Van der Stede, Yves
Publication date
2020-04-15ISSN
1831-4732
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by different mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals and humans. In November 2018, RVF re-emerged in Mayotte (France) after 11 years. Up to the end of October 2019, 126 outbreaks in animals and 143 human cases were reported. RVF mortality was 0.01%, and the number of abortions reported in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive ruminants was fivefold greater than the previous 7 years. Milk loss production in 2019 compared to 2015–2018 was estimated to be 18%, corresponding to an economic loss of around €191,000 in all of Mayotte. The tropical climate in Mayotte provides conditions for the presence of mosquitoes during the whole year, and illegal introductions of animals represent a continuous risk of (re) introduction of RVF. The probability of RVF virus (RVFV) persisting in Mayotte for 5 or more years was estimated to be < 10% but could be much lower if vertical transmission in vectors does not occur. Persistence of RVF by vertical transmission in Mayotte and R eunion appears to be of minor relevance compared to other pathways of re-introduction (i.e. animal movement). However, there is a high uncertainty since there is limited information about the vertical transmission of some of the major species of vectors of RVFV in Mayotte and R eunion. The only identified pathways for the risk of spread of RVF from Mayotte to other countries were by infected vectors transported in airplanes or by wind currents. For the former, the risk of introduction of RVF to continental France was estimated to 4 9 10 6 epidemic per year 1 in 1400 years (median value; 95% CI: 2 9 10 8; 0.0007), and 0.001 epidemic per year to R eunion (95% CI: 4 9 10 6; 0.16). For the latter pathway, mosquitoes dispersing on the wind from Mayotte between January and April 2019 could have reached the Comoros Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique and, possibly, Tanzania. However, these countries are already endemic for RVF, and an incursion of RVFV-infected mosquitoes would have negligible impact.
Document Type
Article
Document version
Published version
Language
English
Subject (CDU)
636 - Animal husbandry and breeding in general. Livestock rearing. Breeding of domestic animals
Pages
61
Publisher
Wiley
Is part of
EFSA Journal
Citation
Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Klaus Depner, Julian Ashley Drewe, and Bruno Garin‐Bastuji et al. 2020. "Rift Valley Fever: Risk Of Persistence, Spread And Impact In Mayotte (France)". EFSA Journal 18 (4). Wiley. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6093.
Program
Benestar Animal
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- ARTICLES CIENTÍFICS [2850]
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