Gut microbiome and resistome characterization of pigs treated with commonly used post-weaning diarrhea treatments
Visualitza/Obre
Autor/a
Fraile, Lorenzo
Darwich, Laila
Data de publicació
2024-05-03ISSN
2524-4671
Resum
Background The global burden of antimicrobial resistance demands additional measures to ensure the sustainable
and conscious use of antimicrobials. For the swine industry, the post-weaning period is critical and for many years,
antimicrobials have been the most effective strategy to control and treat post-weaning related infections. Among
them, post-weaning diarrhea causes vast economic losses, as it severely compromises piglets’ health and growth
performance. In this study, 210 piglets were transferred from a farm with recurrent cases of post-weaning diarrhea
to an experimental farm and divided into six different treatment groups to determine the effect of the different
treatments on the growth performance and survival, the microbiome, and the resistome in a cross-sectional and
longitudinal study. The different treatments included antimicrobials trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, colistin, and
gentamicin, an oral commercial vaccine, a control with water acidification, and an untreated control. An extra group
remained at the farm of origin following the implemented amoxicillin routine treatment. A total of 280 fecal samples
from pigs at four different sampling times were selected for metagenomics: before weaning-treatment at the farm of
origin, and three days, two weeks, and four weeks post-treatment.
Results The control group with water acidification showed a reduced death risk in the survival analyses and
non-significant differences in average daily weight gain in comparison to the antibiotic-treated groups. However,
the growth-promoting effect among antibiotic-treated groups was demonstrated when comparing against
the untreated control group at the experimental farm. After four weeks of treatment, diversity indexes revealed
significantly decreased diversity for the untreated control and the group that remained at the farm of origin treated
with amoxicillin. For this last group, impaired microbial diversity could be related to the continuous amoxicillin
treatment carried out at the farm. Analysis of the resistome showed that both gentamicin and amoxicillin treatments significantly contributed to the emergence of resistance, while trimethoprim/sulphonamide and colistin did not,
suggesting that different treatments contribute differently to the emergence of resistance.
Conclusions Overall, this shotgun longitudinal metagenomics analysis demonstrates that non-antibiotic alternatives,
such as water acidification, can contribute to reducing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance without
compromising pig growth performance and gut microbiome.
Tipus de document
Article
Versió del document
Versió publicada
Llengua
Anglès
Matèries (CDU)
619 - Veterinària
636 - Explotació i cria d'animals. Cria del bestiar i d'animals domèstics
Pàgines
16
Publicat per
BMC
Publicat a
Animal Microbiome
Citació
Guitart-Matas, Judith, María Ballester, Lorenzo Fraile, Laila Darwich, Noemí Giler-Baquerizo, Joan Pujol, Sergio López-Soria, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas, and Lourdes Migura-García. 2024. “Gut Microbiome and Resistome Characterization of Pigs Treated With Commonly Used Post-weaning Diarrhea Treatments.” Animal Microbiome 6 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/s42523-024-00307-6
Número de l'acord de la subvenció
MICIU/Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los retos de la sociedad/RTI2018-095586-B-C22/ES/OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF POSTWEANING DIARRHEAS IN PIGS: TOWARDS A RATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS/
MICIU/Programa Estatal de promoción del talento y su empleabilidad en I+D+I/RYC2019-027244-I/ES/ /
Programa
Genètica i Millora Animal
Sanitat Animal
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